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The Iowa Council of National Defense decided that German should not be taught in any schools in Iowa. German songs and texts must not be read or sung in schools either. It is mentioned that when this letter was written, there still was not a single…

Chart showing foreign-born population in Iowa in relation to total population from 1850 to 1970, as well as a more detailed breakdown by decade and country of birth.

This picture is of the deplorable conditions on the SS Navemar, a ship that transported refugees to the United States.

Delivery Wagon for Magnus Brewery Beer, Cedar Rapids, c. 1900. The saloon in the background displays the tongue-in-cheek name "The Cedar Rabbits."

Iowa Brewing Company on the north side of Market Street between Linn Street and Gilbert Street in Iowa City, c. 1909. Founded as the Great Western Brewery in 1857, it was bought in 1873 by John Dostal and later run by his sons as the Dostal Brothers…

Employees of the Korn Baking Company in Davenport pose for a photograph around a giant pretzel.

The Black Hawk, the student newspaper of Davenport High School, reported on the' burning of books in German "by about 50 lower classmen."

A transcription of Jacob Naumann's church attest, provided courtesy of Ute Brandenburg.

Boone Iowa's Swedish Mission Church

Has Harding given Norwegians exemption?