Wilhelm Schumann, Disloyal German American
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Espionage Act; Babel Defiance; Religion; Informants
Wilhelm Schumann's disloyalty and the situation in Calhoun County
Edwin Wattonville
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
7/29/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Letter
English
TEXT
Box #14, Council of Defense, Governor's Office: Harding, Research Group #43, S61/07/05
1918-07-29; Pomeroy, Iowa; Calhoun County; Fort Dodge, Iowa; Levenworth, Kansas;
Against Post-Secondary German Language Learning
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Education; Morningside College;
Morningside College has decided to continue teaching German, a move which Fitz condems as against the tenor of the times in both public and executive opinion.
M. W. Fitz
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
9/10/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Letter
English
TEXT
Box #14, Council of Defense, Governor's Office: Harding, Research Group #43, S61/07/05
1918-09-10; Manson, Iowa; Calhoun County; Sioux City, Iowa;
Rockwell City Support
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Enforcement; Gender; Newspapers
Mrs. Engel sends Harding a newspaper clipping, comments favorably on his speech in Rockwell City--in which he stood by his proclamation like a "man"--and notes that there are many loyal Iowans.
Mrs. A. C. Engel
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
9/27/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Letter
English
TEXT
Box #14, Council of Defense, Governor's Office: Harding, Research Group #43, S61/07/05
1918-09-27; Rockwell City, Iowa; Calhoun County
Schumann Defiance
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Informants; Disloyalty; Religion; Secret Societies; Babel Defiance; Knights of Pythias
Informant notes continued intransigence of Rev. Schumann in Pomeroy
J. K. Alline
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
10/5/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Letter
English
TEXT
Box #14, Council of Defense, Governor's Office: Harding, Research Group #43, S61/07/05
1918-10-05; Rolfe, Iowa; Pocahontas County; Pomeroy, Iowa; Fort Dodge, Iowa; Calhoun County
Defiance and Threats
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Babel Defiance; Religion; Violence
City Marshal writes of Germans disregarding Babel and threatens potential violence
T. D. Conroy
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
12/23/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Letter
English
TEXT
Box #14, Council of Defense, Governor's Office: Harding, Research Group #43, S61/07/05
1918-12-23; Jolley, Iowa; Calhoun County
Babel Concessions
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Swedish Americans; Lutheranism; Religion
Lutheran pastor asks for concession, citing the local Swedish church which is conducting worship in Swedish without molestation, apparently.
Ad. Trost
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
12/31/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Letter
English
TEXT
Box #14, Council of Defense, Governor's Office: Harding, Research Group #43, S61/07/05
1918-12-31; Farnhamville, Iowa; Calhoun County
German After the War
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Postwar; Religion;
Local wondering whether German communities can again preach in German, as war recently over.
T. F. Legg
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
3/18/1919
N/A
N/A
N/A
Letter
English
TEXT
Box #14, Council of Defense, Governor's Office: Harding, Research Group #43, S61/07/05
1919-03-18; Rockwell City, Iowa; Calhoun County
Original Copy of Babel Proclamation
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Proclamations; Foreign Languages; Religion; Telephones
Governor Harding issues resolution proclaiming English the sole acceptable language for use in public in Iowa. Public, namely, meaning also church and educational services.
William L. Harding
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
5/23/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Proclamation
English
TEXT
Folder #2, 1918 - , Box #20, Governor William L. Harding: General Correspondence, S61/06/06
1918-05-23; Iowa; Des Moines, Iowa; Polk County
Rock Valley Circular Regarding Babel
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism
Mayor and clerk of Rock Valley circulate news of Harding's Proclamation
C. W. Jacobs
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
6/1/1918
F. F. Cocroft
N/A
N/A
Proclamation
English
TEXT
Folder #2, 1918 - , Box #20, Governor William L. Harding: General Correspondence, S61/06/06
1918-06-01; Rock Valley, Iowa; Sioux County
Babel Rescinded
World War I; Babel Proclamation; Council of Defense; German Language; Anti-Germanism; Postwar; Religion; Enforcement; Telephones; Education; Armistice; Loyalty
Proclamation announcing rescindment of Babel in light of peace.
William L. Harding
N/A
State Historical Society of Iowa, Des Moines, Iowa
12/4/1918
N/A
N/A
N/A
Proclamation
English
TEXT
Folder #2, 1918 - , Box #20, Governor William L. Harding: General Correspondence, S61/06/06
1918-12-04; 1918-05-23; Des Moines, Iowa; Polk County