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                <text>Carnival; Harmonie Damen-Verein; Dubuque Sängerbund; masquerade ball</text>
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                <text>Advertisements from the Dubuque National-Demokrat: the top-most one for costume rental; the middle one for a masquerade ball sponsored by the "Harmonie Damen-Verein" (Harmony Ladies' Club); the bottom one for a masquerade ball sponsored by the "Dubuque Sängerbund" (Dubuque Singing Club)</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator/legislatorAllYears?personID=5563" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Frederick A. Gniffke&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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                <text>Christmas celebration; Weihnachtsfeier; New Year's Ball; Neujahr</text>
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              <text>&lt;h2 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Großes Narrenfest!&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Narrenkönig heraus!&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Großer&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Maskenball,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;am&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fastnachts Montag, 12. Februar, 1866&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;im&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Deutschen Stadttheater.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Große Preisvertheilung!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Für die schönste Damen-Maske!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Für die beste Character-Maske!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Für die beste Komische-Maske!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Zur Erheiterung der Ballgäste&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;wird hier zum erstenmale die weltbekannte&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;„Schwefelbande“ im Saale die Erscheinung ma-&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;chen, ebenso die histerisch-berühmte „Löffelgarde“&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;aus Schildberg.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Musik von der&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Germania-Band.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Preisvertheilung um 11 1/2 Uhr durch&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Ein zu erwählendes Committe.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eintritt&lt;/strong&gt;: Für Herr und Dame &lt;strong&gt;$1.50&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Für jede weitere Dame 50 Cts.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Damen maskirt frei.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Die Bühne ist zum Büffee eingeraümt&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Supper das Ticket pro Person 75 Cts.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Jan. 18-3W               A. Kriegar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt; * * * * * * * *&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Ball&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;des deutschen&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Unterstützungs-Vereins,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;am Samstag, 27. Januar 1866&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;in City Hall&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Eintritt für Herr u. Dame incl. S[ou]per: $2.50&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* * * * * * * *&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vorläufige Anzeige.&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h2 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Festfeier&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;zu&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Thomas Payne’s Geburtstag,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;am Montag, den 29. Januar 1856&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;in der&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;alten Turnhalle,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nach der Feier: &lt;strong&gt;Tanzkränzchen!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Musik der ganzen Germania Band.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Anfang 8 Uhr.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Eintritt: 50 Cts. Damen frei&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zu dieser Feier laden alle Verehrer von Tho-&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;mas Payne, sowie das Publikum in Allgemei-&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;nen bestens ein.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;[Xxx?] Dubuque [xxx?] Turnverein&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Das Committe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[transcribed by Rachel Harder]&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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                <text>Three advertisements concerning Mardi Gras activities in Dubuque: 1) a masquerade ball in the German City Theater (Deutsches Stadttheater) with prize competition for the best costume; a ball in City Hall sponsored by the German Aid Society; a celebration in honor of Thomas Payne's birthday</text>
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                <text>&lt;a href="https://www.legis.iowa.gov/legislators/legislator/legislatorAllYears?personID=5563" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;Frederick A. Gniffke&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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        <name>German Aid Society</name>
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        <name>Music</name>
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        <name>Turners</name>
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              <text>&lt;h3 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Masken Ball !&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dienstag Abend,&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Feb. den 21&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ham’s Halle&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;$15 werden in Prämien vertheilt&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:right;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Erste Prämie $7.00&lt;br /&gt;2te Prämie $4.00&lt;br /&gt;[image]                                     3te Prämie $3.00&lt;br /&gt;Das komischste Paar,  = &lt;span style="text-decoration:underline;"&gt;$1.00&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;$15.00&lt;/p&gt;
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                <text>While it is uncertain who organized this masquerade ball--either the proprietor of Ham's Hall or another group that rented the hall--they are clearly proud of the prize money that they have set aside for the best costumes.</text>
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                <text>Iowa City; Johnson County</text>
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        <name>Carnival/Mardi Gras/Fastnacht</name>
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        <name>Iowa City Post</name>
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              <text>&lt;h3 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Neue Anzeigen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Turnhalle-Theater.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* * * * * * *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Sonntag, 8. Febr.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Zum Erstenmale in Des Moines&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Die Eifersüchtigen.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Lustspiel in einem Aufzug von Roderich Benedix.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* * * * * * *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hierauf zum Erstenmale&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;List und Phlegma.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Vaudeville-Posse mit Gesang in einem Akt von&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Louis Angely.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* * * * * * *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Eintritt 25 Cts.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Anfang 8 Uhr.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* * * * * * *&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Großer&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Masken-Ball&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;des&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[image]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Turn-Vereins,&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;abgehalten in der&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Turn-Halle&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;am&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:center;"&gt;Fastnacht-Dienstag, den 17. F[e]bruar.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:left;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indem wir alle Freunde, sowie das Publikum überhaupt, zum Besuche des obigen Balles einladen, geben wir zugleich die Versicherung, daß unsererseits Alles aufgeboten werden wird, die Zufriedenheit unserer geehrten Gäste zu erringen.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style="text-align:left;"&gt;Das Comite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[transcribed by Rachel Harder]&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Ad placed by the Des Moines Turners in the Iowa Staats-Anzeiger, with announcements a Mardi Gras masquerade ball as well as for two plays performed in the Turner Hall: "Die Eifersüchtigen" (The Jealous) by Roderich Benedix; "List und Phlegma" (Cunning and Phlegma) by Louis Angely</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>?</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
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          <element elementId="45">
            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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                <text>Joseph Eiboeck</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>microfilm newspaper collections, State Historical Society of Iowa</text>
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            <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
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                <text>Des Moines; Polk County</text>
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        <name>Turners</name>
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              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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              <text>&lt;h4 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Großer&lt;/h4&gt;
&lt;h2 style="text-align:center;"&gt;Masken=Ball&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h4 style="text-align:center;"&gt;[image]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;des&lt;/h4&gt;
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&lt;p style="text-align:center;"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fastnacht-Abend, den 21. Febr.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[transcribed by Rachel Harder]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The Turners regularly hosted masquerade balls for Mardi Gras in the late 19th century.</text>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Conrad Beck</text>
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            <name>Source</name>
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            <name>Publisher</name>
            <description>An entity responsible for making the resource available</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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                <text>State Historical Society of Iowa</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>microfilm newspaper collections, State Historical Society of Iowa</text>
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      <tag tagId="4196">
        <name>Iowa Staats-Anzeiger</name>
      </tag>
      <tag tagId="4199">
        <name>Turners</name>
      </tag>
    </tagContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
